The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has published two Technical Specifications for consistent classification and characterisation of graphene and related 2D materials, providing harmonised tools for quality assurance and regulatory alignment.
ISO/TS 9651:2025 (July 2025) defines a framework for classifying graphene-related materials, specifying descriptors such as layer number, lateral size, defect density, and morphology, with standardised naming and technical datasheet templates.
ISO/TS 23359:2025 (August 2025) provides methods for analysing chemical properties in powders and dispersions, including protocols for elemental composition, oxygen-to-carbon ratio, trace metal impurities, and functional groups using XPS, TGA, ICP-MS, and FTIR techniques.
